Saturday, January 17, 2015

CULTURAL CALENDAR- TRADITIONS AND NAME DAYS IN BUlGARIA


 NAME DAYS


Оn 6 January the Orthodox Church celebrates Epiphany, the Baptism of the Lord with believers taking a dip in freezing waters to wash their sins away. Epiphany (Yordanovden in Bulgarian) is one of the major Christian holidays in Bulgaria.It’s also known as Bogoyavlenie, Voditsi, Vodokrushti and celebrates the consecration of the holy cross.
  According to the Bible, on that day, John the Baptist baptized Jesus Christ in the Jordan River. 
Epiphany day in Bulgaria is celebrated with festive liturgy in the churches and rituals involving water.The key rituals on Yordanovden/Epiphany (Theophany) day are related to the beliefs in the healthy power of water. On that day, during the church service, water is consecrated. After the service, the priest throws the cross into the river and according to the traditions bachelors swim into the icy waters to take it out . Whoever takes it out is supposed to be healthy and happy. He should go around the village with the cross in his hands and everybody should give him gifts. If the cross dropped in the river freezes that means that the year is going to be very healthy and fruitful. A number of rituals with consecrated water are performed on Yordanovden/Epiphany day - early in the morning a pure girl washes the home icon; sick people are sprinkled or bathed with water from the river where the cross was dropped, and then everyone washes their faces and hands for good health.
The dishes laid out on the table on the eve of Epiphany had to be meatless. They would include millet bread or dodgers, cabbage leaves stuffed with grits, boiled wheat, bean stew, walnuts and wine


http://bnr.bg/en/post/100505144/male-and-female-voditsi-yordanovden-and-ivanovden


IVANOVDEN (St. John’s Day) - January 7th
 
On 7th January the Orthodox Church celebrates the Day of Saint John the Baptist, who baptized Jesus Christ in the Jordan River.

The feast is called Ivanovden (John is Ivan in Bulgarian, so Ivanovden means the Day of John).  

Saint Ivan (John) is a patron saint of “brotherhood”, so on that day the men perform the so-called "Ivanovstvo" ritual: they step in the glowing embers with their right bare foot and after that they become fellow-brothers. 

http://bnr.bg/en/post/100509041

http://www.novinite.com/articles/165802/Over+300+000+Bulgarians+Celebrating+St+John+the+Baptist+on+Wednesday

Day of St. Anthon-17 January

In Bulgarian tradition this is the day celebrated by all people named Anton, Antonia, Andon, Antoaneta and also Doncho, Donka and their derivatives. Popular tradition sets down a number of prohibitions connected with the belief that Anthony is the patron saint of the plague, smallpox, anthrax and diseases as such. In folklore practice these pestilences are called “aunties”, “sweet and honeyed”, “blessed” so as to appease them. Hence the other name of this feast day – Auntie’s Day. In almost all parts of the country yeast free bread is baked, coated in treacle or honey, chunks of which are handed out for health. One of the loaves is left in the attic – for the “auntie” (the plague); pieces are left for all other diseases as well.
On the day of St. Anthony women must not do any sowing or knitting – if they were to prick their fingers, they would heal very slowly and would vex the diseases. For the same reason no beans or lentils must be cooked (beans and lentils are thought to resemble the pox rash).

http://www.burgasmuseums.bg/index.php?tab=ethno&page=encyc&enc=rituals&eid=135&lang=en
http://12121.hostinguk.com/midwife.htm


 MUMMERS FESTIVALS
http://bulgariatravel.org/en/object/134/Kukerski_festival_Starchevata2011_Razlog
http://bulgariatravel.org/en/object/129/Festival_na_maskaradnite_igri_Surva_Pernik




Kukeri is a pagan Bulgarian tradition of Thracian origins - in ancient times the old Thracians held the Kukeri (Mummers’) Ritual Games in honour of god Dionysus. The Kukeri games are performed by men only, dressed in colourful hand-made costumes and wearing scary masks. Each has also a leather belt around the waist with huge copper bells (chanove) attached to it.
The mask, according to folklore beliefs, is a protection from the harmful influence of impure powers. It represents a head of a peculiar creature with a scary face. Different masks could have gaping jaws, horns, tails, or snapping beaks. They are decorated with threads, ribbons, laces and usually represent animals like goats, bulls, rams, or even chicken. Some of the masks are double-faced. On one of the sides, the nose is snubbed and the face is good-humored, on the other side, the nose is hooked and the face is ominous. Those masks symbolize the good and the bad which co-exist in the world.

The ritual is performed between Christmas and Lent by costumed men, who walk around and dance to scare away the evil spirits, as well as to provide a good harvest, health, fertility, and happiness.

 Similar rituals can also be found in Romania, Serbia, Italy and Spain.

  
  http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/kukeri-festival-pernik.html
http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=123847


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